2.6.21. KSS

2.6.21.1. Introduction

Roof of Strand building of Kings College in the City of Westminster, London. A large tower was set up at this site. Same building as KSB, KSSW and KSS45W.

2.6.21.2. Site metadata

Site ID	KSS
Full Name	Strand Building, Kings College London (Strand Campus)
Network	LUMA
Longitude	-0.11635	degrees
Latitude	51.512	degrees
Start date	2009-10-01	UTC
End date	2012-03-26	UTC
Displacement height	19.0	m
City	London

2.6.21.3. Deployments at site

Table 2.94 All site deployments

Deployment ID	Instrument ID	Instrument serial	Type	Deployment name	Start date	End date
					UTC	UTC
24	CNR1	000220	single	CNR1	2009-10-09	2012-03-25
25	PAR	020630661	single	PAR	2009-10-09	2012-02-26
26	UVA	020630656	single	UVA	2009-10-09	2012-02-26
27	UVB	020630657	single	UVB	2009-10-09	2012-02-26
57	WXT510	B084005	single	WXT	2009-10-13	2010-03-22
238	WXT510	B084005	single	WXT	2010-03-22	2010-03-29
239	WXT510	B084005	single	WXT	2010-03-30	2012-03-25
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
60	THERMOCOUPLE	123456	profile_complex	Thermocouples	2009-12-17	2012-03-26
61	IRTM	0305120	fov	IR Thermometer	2010-03-23	2012-05-25
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
62	LI840	HGA-0416	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-1	2010-01-25	2011-09-04
344	CSAT3	0194-2	ec	EC - check sonic serieal	2009-11-01	2012-03-25
344	LI7500A	75H-0995	ec	EC - check sonic serieal	2009-11-01	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25
458	LI840	HGA-0418	profile_complex	Gas Analyser Li840-2	2011-09-25	2012-03-25

Table 2.95 Position of deployments

Deployment ID	Height	Yaw	Pitch	Roll
	m asl	degrees	degrees	degrees
24	59.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
25	59.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
26	59.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
27	59.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
57	59.6	5.0	0.0	0.0
238	59.6	359.0
239	59.6	2.0	0.0	0.0
60	46.3
60	47.9
60	49.8
60	51.6
60	52.3
60	54.9
60	57.5
60	59.3
61	46.0
62	46.3
62	46.32
62	48.0
62	48.1
62	50.0
62	51.48
62	52.57
62	57.68
344	59.6	257.0
344	59.6	257.0
458	46.3
458	46.32
458	48.0
458	48.1
458	50.0
458	51.48
458	52.57
458	57.68

2.6.21.4. Photos

Fig. 2.57 View looking to the South 16-10-2009.

Fig. 2.58 View looking to the East 16-10-2009.

Fig. 2.59 View looking South West 16-10-2009.

Fig. 2.60 View looking West 16-10-2009.

Fig. 2.61 CNR1, PAR, UVA, UVB, WXT510, CSAT3 and LI7500A atop tower 16-10-2009.

Fig. 2.62 Tower fullly extended 07-11-2009.

2.6.21.5. Data acquisition

Data can be requested from Prof. Sue Grimmond (c.s.grimmond@reading.ac.uk).

2.6.21.6. Data availability

Double click on legend to isolate instruments.

2.6.21.7. References

1. Tsiringakis, A., Steeneveld, G.‐J., Holtslag, A. A. M., Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, S. (2019) On‐ and off‐line evaluation of the single‐layer urban canopy model in London summertime conditions. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 145 (721). pp. 1474-1489. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3505

2. Dou, J., Grimmond, S., Cheng, Z., Miao, S., Feng, D. and Liao, M. (2019) Summertime surface energy balance fluxes at two Beijing sites. International Journal of Climatology, 39 (5). pp. 2793-2810. ISSN 08998418 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5989

3. Kent, C. W., Grimmond, C. S. B., Gatey, D. and Barlow, J. F. (2018) Assessing methods to extrapolate the vertical wind-speed profile from surface observations in a city centre during strong winds. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 173. pp. 100-111. ISSN 0167-6105 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.09.007

4. Kent, C. W. (2018) Surface roughness parameters in cities: improvements and implications for windspeed estimation. PhD thesis, University of Reading.

5. Kent, C. W., Grimmond, S., Barlow, J., Gatey, D., Kotthaus, S., Lindberg, F. and Halios, C. H. (2017) Evaluation of urban local-scale aerodynamic parameters: implications for the vertical profile of wind speed and for source areas. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 164 (2). pp. 183-213. ISSN 0006-8314 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0248-z

6. Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., J�rvi, L. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2016) Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): development and evaluation at two UK sites. Urban Climate, 18. pp. 1-32. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001

7. Font, A., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S., Morgu�, J. -A., Stockdale, C., O’Connor, E., Priestman, M. and Barratt, B. (2015) Daytime CO2 urban surface fluxes from airborne measurements, eddy-covariance observations and emissions inventory in Greater London. Environmental Pollution, 196. pp. 98-106. ISSN 0269-7491 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.001

8. Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, C. S. B., Bjorkegren, A., Wilkinson, M., Morrison, W. T. J., Evans, J. G., Morison, J. I. L. and Iamarino, M. (2015) Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Environmental Pollution, 198. pp. 186-200. ISSN 0269-7491 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

9. Bjorkeren, A. B., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S. and Malamud, B. D. (2015) CO2 emission estimation in the urban environment: measurement of the CO2 storage term. Atmospheric Environment, 122. pp. 775-790. ISSN 1352-2310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.012

10. Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Energy exchange in a dense urban environment – part I: temporal variability of long-term observations in central London. Urban Climate, 10 (2). pp. 261-280. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.002

11. Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Energy exchange in a dense urban environment Part II: impact of spatial heterogeneity of the surface. Urban Climate, 10 (2). pp. 281-307. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.001

12. Magliulo, V., Toscano, P., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S., J�rvi, L., Set�l�, H., Lindberg, F., Vogt, R., Staszewski, T., Bubak, A., Synnefa, A. and Santamouris, M. (2014) Environmental measurements in BRIDGE case studies. In: Chrysoulakis, N., de Castro, E. A. and Moors, E. J. (eds.) Understanding Urban Metabolism. Routledge, pp. 45-57. ISBN 9780415835114

13. Wood, C. R., Pauscher, L., Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., Barlow, J., Gouvea, M., Lane, S. E. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2013) Wind observations above an urban river using a new lidar technique, scintillometry and anemometry. Science of the Total Environment, 442. pp. 527-533. ISSN 0048-9697 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.061

2.6.21.8. Acknowledgements

We thank King College London Directorate of Estates Facilities for site access.

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