3.14.1. BLS¶
3.14.1.1. Introduction¶
The BLS 900 is a large aperture scintillometer, manufactured by Scintec. A scintillometer measures turbulence over a path, which can then be used to calculate heat flux, cross wind and evapotranspiration. The BLS 900 consists of two main parts for observations: a transmitter and a receiver. These are placed between 250m and 6000m apart. The transmitter transmits visible light towards thereceiver, which uses the principle of modulation of light by atmospheric refractive index fluctuations in air, known as scintillation, to determine atmospheric turbulence over the path. The main benefit of scintillometry is the greater spatial representation achieved compared to point sensors.
3.14.1.2. Manufacturer and Model¶
Model |
Brand |
Type |
|---|---|---|
BLS900 |
Scintec |
Large Aperture Scintillometer |
3.14.1.3. Output definitions¶
Ouput definition ID |
File Identifier |
Level Number |
QAQC notes |
File time resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
0 |
No_QC |
1min |
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
0 |
No_QC |
15min |
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
0 |
No_QC |
30min |
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
1 |
Thresholds |
1min |
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
1 |
Thresholds |
15min |
BLS |
BLS_%SITE |
1 |
Thresholds |
30min |
3.14.1.4. Processing code¶
Code used to process raw data: https://github.com/Urban-Meteorology-Reading/Operations-LAS
3.14.1.5. Variables measured by instrument¶
Variable ID |
Full Name |
Unit |
Lower Threshold |
Upper Threshold |
Files present (Output definition ID,Level No,Time resolution) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cn2 |
refractive_index_structure_parameter |
m-2/3 |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
cor_c |
correlation_of_X_Y |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
correctCn2Cov |
Cn2_correction_factor_saturation_cov |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
correctCn2EO |
Cn2_correction_factor_extinction_outer_scale |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
correctCn2Sat |
Cn2_correction_factor_saturation |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
crosswind |
crosswind |
m.s-1 |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
CT2 |
temperature_structure_parameter |
K-2m^2/3 |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
CT2_BLS |
BLS_temperature_structure_parameter |
K-2m^2/3 |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
error |
error |
N/A |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min |
||
FLAG |
Status flag |
N/A |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
H_convection |
Heat_flux_free_convection |
W.m-2 |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
nSamples |
nSamples |
samples/interval |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
numDgnTotal |
total_number_of_diagnosis_subperiods_measured |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
numDgnValid |
num_valid_diagnosis_subperiods_included |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
numDgnValidCrosswind |
num_valid_diagnosis_subperiods_included_crosswind |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
Q_H |
upward_turbulent_sensible_heat_flux |
W.m-2 |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
Q_H_db |
upward_turbulent_sensible_heat_flux_de_bruin_method |
W.m-2 |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
Q_H_fc |
upward_turbulent_sensible_heat_flux_free_convection_method |
W.m-2 |
BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
sigCrosswind |
standard_deviation_crosswind |
m.s-1 |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
sigXn_c |
standard_deviation_of_X_intensity |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
sigYn_c |
standard_deviation_of_Y_intensity |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
X_c |
average_X_intensity_corrected |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
||
Y_c |
average_Y_intensity_corrected |
dimensionless |
BLS,0,1min BLS,0,15min BLS,0,30min BLS,1,1min BLS,1,15min BLS,1,30min |
3.14.1.6. Serials¶
Serial |
Suffix |
|---|---|
A |
3.14.1.7. Deployments¶
3.14.1.7.1. Serial number: T-E-0470¶
Site ID |
Start date |
End date |
|---|---|---|
2011-05-20 00:00 |
2011-11-23 00:00 |
|
2012-01-11 00:00 |
2012-03-08 00:00 |
|
2012-03-29 00:00 |
2012-09-21 00:00 |
|
2012-09-21 00:00 |
2013-02-26 00:00 |
|
2014-06-29 00:00 |
2017-03-16 00:00 |
|
2017-04-06 00:00 |
2020-11-04 00:00 |
3.14.1.8. Photos¶
3.14.1.9. Supplementary information¶
Link |
Title |
Description |
|---|---|---|
BLS manual |
Manual from Scintec. |
|
BLS 900 brochure |
Brochure from Scintec. |
3.14.1.10. Data acquisition¶
Data can be requested from Prof. Sue Grimmond (c.s.grimmond@reading.ac.uk).
3.14.1.11. References¶
Crawford, B., Grimmond, C. S. B., Ward, H. C., Morrison, W. and Kotthaus, S. (2017) Spatial and temporal patterns of surface-atmosphere energy exchange in a dense urban environment using scintillometry. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 143 (703). pp. 817-833. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2967
Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G., Grimmond, C. S. B. and Bradford, J. (2015) Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 1: Structure parameters. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8 (3). pp. 1385-1405. ISSN 1867-8548 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1385-2015
Ward, H. G., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2015) Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 2: Large-area sensible and latent heat fluxes. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8 (3). pp. 1407-1424. ISSN 1867-8548 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1407-2015
Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Multi-scale sensible heat fluxes in the urban environment from large aperture scintillometry and eddy covariance. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 152 (1). pp. 65-89. ISSN 0006-8314 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9916-4
Wood, C. R., Pauscher, L., Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., Barlow, J., Gouvea, M., Lane, S. E. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2013) Wind observations above an urban river using a new lidar technique, scintillometry and anemometry. Science of the Total Environment, 442. pp. 527-533. ISSN 0048-9697 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.061
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