Note

The instrument type for this instrument should be 3D Sonic Anemometer.

3.10.1. GILL121R03

3.10.1.1. Introduction

Gill 3D sonic anemometor. It uses ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind in 3 dimensions at high frequencies. This is often used to measure turbulent fluctuations as part of an eddy-covariance set up, along with a Gas Analyser, to determine various energy fluxes.

3.10.1.2. Manufacturer and Model

Model

Brand

Type

1210R3

Gill Instruments Ltd

Gill

3.10.1.3. Output definitions

Ouput definition ID

File Identifier

Level Number

QAQC notes

File time resolution

GILL121R03

Gill_%SITE

0

NA

30min

GILL121R03

Gill_%SITE

1

QAQC

30min

GILL121R03

Gill_%SITE

2

QAQC

30min

GILL121R03_ECpack

Gill_ECpack_%SITE

0

No_QAQC

30min

GILL121R03_ECpack

Gill_ECpack_%SITE

1

QAQC

30min

GILL121R03_ECpack

Gill_ECpack_%SITE

2

QAQC_IMA

30min

GILL121R03_10Hz

Gill_%SITE

0

NO_QAQC

10Hz

GILL121R03_10Hz

Gill_%SITE

1

QAQC

10Hz

GILL121R03_10Hz

Gill_%SITE

2

QAQC_imas

10Hz

3.10.1.4. Processing code

Code used to process raw data: https://github.com/Urban-Meteorology-Reading/Operations-FLUX

3.10.1.5. Variables measured by instrument

Table 3.9 Variables measured - sorted alphabetically

Variable ID

Full Name

Unit

Lower Threshold

Upper Threshold

Files present (Output definition ID,Level No,Time resolution)

cov_uTsonic

covariance_uTsonic

m.K.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

cov_uv

covariance_uv

m2.s-2

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

cov_uw

covariance_uw

m2.s-2

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

cov_vTsonic

covariance_vTsonic

m.K.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

cov_vw

covariance_vw

m2.s-2

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

cov_wTsonic

covariance_wTsonic

m.K.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

diag

diagnostics

N/A

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_10Hz,0,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

diag_pct

diagnostics_percentage

%

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min

dir

wind_direction

degree

0.0

360.0

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

FLAG

Status flag

N/A

GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

imas

imas flag

N/A

GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

imas_pct

identification_microscale_anthropogenic_sources

%

GILL121R03,2,30min

L

Obukhov_length

m

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

nSamples

nSamples

samples/interval

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

Q_H

upward_turbulent_sensible_heat_flux

W.m-2

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

sd_Tsonic

standard_deviation_Tsonic

Celsius

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

sd_u

standard_deviation_u

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

sd_v

standard_deviation_v

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

sd_w

standard_deviation_w

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

spike

spike_flag

N/A

GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

spike_pct

spike_percentage

%

GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min

tol_dir

tolerance_wind_direction

degree

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

tol_Q_H

tolerance_Q_H

W.m-2

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

tol_ustar

tolerance_ustar

m.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

tol_WS

tolerance_WS

m.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

Tsonic

sonic_temperature

Celsius

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_10Hz,0,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

Tsonic_K

sonic_temperature_kelvin

K

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

u

zonal_wind_component

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min GILL121R03_10Hz,0,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

ustar

friction_velocity

m.s-1

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

v

meridional_wind_component

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min GILL121R03_10Hz,0,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

w

Vertical wind component

m.s-1

GILL121R03,0,30min GILL121R03,1,30min GILL121R03,2,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min GILL121R03_10Hz,0,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,1,10Hz GILL121R03_10Hz,2,10Hz

WS

horizontal_wind_speed

m.s-1

0.0

150.0

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

zL

atmospheric_stability_parameter

dimensionless

GILL121R03_ECpack,0,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,1,30min GILL121R03_ECpack,2,30min

3.10.1.6. Serials

Serial

Suffix

307

A

152701

B

1070-3

C

3.10.1.7. Deployments

3.10.1.7.1. Serial number: 152701

Site ID

Start date

End date

URAO

2017-03-14 00:00

2017-04-27 00:00

3.10.1.7.2. Serial number: 1070-3

Site ID

Start date

End date

URAO

2015-07-19 00:00

2017-03-09 00:00

URAO

2017-04-27 00:00

2020-07-07 00:00

URAO

2021-03-10 00:00

3.10.1.7.3. Serial number: 307

Site ID

Start date

End date

KSB

2013-03-04 00:00

2015-09-17 00:00

KSNW

2015-09-17 00:00

2016-01-12 00:00

3.10.1.8. Photos

../../../_images/102_1943_23336073250_o.jpg

Fig. 3.20 At KSB 05-07-2015.

../../../_images/25239290895_d98db3c7f3_o(1).jpg

Fig. 3.21 At KSNW 18-02-2016.

../../../_images/2015-02-17_22-56-07_23586067236_o.jpg

Fig. 3.22 At URAO 17-02-2015.

3.10.1.9. Supplementary information

Link

Title

Description

Gill manual

Gill manual

Manual from Gill.

3.10.1.10. Data acquisition

Data can be requested from Prof. Sue Grimmond (c.s.grimmond@reading.ac.uk).

3.10.1.11. References

  1. Joshi, R., Liu, D., Nemitz, E., Langford, B., Mullinger, N., Squires, F., Lee, J., Wu, Y., Pan, X., Fu, P., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, S., Zhang, Q., Wu, R., Wild, O., Flynn, M., Coe, H. and Allan, J. (2021) Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21 (1). pp. 147-162. ISSN 1680-7324 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021

  2. Hertwig, D., Grimmond, S., Hendry, M. A., Saunders, B., Wang, Z., Jeoffrion, M., Vidale, P. L., McGuire, P. C., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Ward, H. C. and Kotthaus, S. (2020) Urban signals in high-resolution weather and climate simulations: role of urban land-surface characterisation. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 142. pp. 701-728. ISSN 0177-798X doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03294-1

  3. Tsiringakis, A., Holtslag, A. A. M., Grimmond, S. and Steeneveld, G. J. (2020) Surface and atmospheric driven variability of the single‐layer urban canopy model under clear‐sky conditions over London. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125 (14). e2019JD032167. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032167

  4. Gough, H.L., Barlow, J. F., Luo, Z., King, M.-F., Halios, C.H. and Grimmond, C.S.B. (2020) Evaluating single-sided natural ventilation models against full-scale idealised measurements: impact of wind direction and turbulence. Building and Environment, 170. 106556. ISSN 0360-1323 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106556

  5. Gough, H., King, M.-F., Nathan, P., Grimmond, C. S. B., Robins, A., Noakes, C. J., Luo, Z. and Barlow, J. F. (2019) Influence of neighbouring structures on building façade pressures: comparison between full-scale, wind-tunnel, CFD and practitioner guidelines. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 189. pp. 22-33. ISSN 0167‐6105 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.03.011

  6. Ward, H., Tan, Y. S., Gabey, A. M., Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2018) Impact of temporal resolution of precipitation forcing data on modelled urban-atmosphere exchanges and surface conditions. International Journal of Climatology, 38 (2). pp. 649-662. ISSN 1097-0088 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5200

  7. Helfter, C., Tremper, A. H., Halios, C. H., Kotthaus, S., Bjorkegren, A., Grimmond, C. S. B., Barlow, J. F. and Nemitz, E. (2016) Spatial and temporal variability of urban fluxes of methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide above London, UK. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 (16). pp. 10543-10557. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10543-2016

  8. Bjorkeren, A. B., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S. and Malamud, B. D. (2015) CO2 emission estimation in the urban environment: measurement of the CO2 storage term. Atmospheric Environment, 122. pp. 775-790. ISSN 1352-2310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.012

  9. Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G., Grimmond, C. S. B. and Bradford, J. (2015) Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 1: Structure parameters. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8 (3). pp. 1385-1405. ISSN 1867-8548 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1385-2015

  10. Ward, H. G., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2015) Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 2: Large-area sensible and latent heat fluxes. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8 (3). pp. 1407-1424. ISSN 1867-8548 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1407-2015

  11. Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, C. S. B., Bjorkegren, A., Wilkinson, M., Morrison, W. T. J., Evans, J. G., Morison, J. I. L. and Iamarino, M. (2015) Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Environmental Pollution, 198. pp. 186-200. ISSN 0269-7491 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

  12. Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Multi-scale sensible heat fluxes in the urban environment from large aperture scintillometry and eddy covariance. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 152 (1). pp. 65-89. ISSN 0006-8314 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9916-4

  13. Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2013) Multi-season eddy covariance observations of energy, water and carbon fluxes over a suburban area in Swindon, UK. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13. pp. 4645-4666. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4645-2013

  14. Helfter, C., Famulari, D., Phillips, G. J., Barlow, J. F., Wood, C., Grimmond, C. S. B. and Nemitz, E. (2011) Controls of carbon dioxide concentrations and fluxes above central London. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11 (5). pp. 1913-1928. ISSN 1680-7316 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1913-2011

  15. Ward, H. C., Evans, J. G. and Grimmond, C.S.B. (2011) Effects of non-uniform crosswind fields on scintillometry measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 141 (1). pp. 143-163. ISSN 0006-8314 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-011-9626-0

Tip

  1. Stuck? the user guide is a useful place to start.

  2. Please report issues at GitHub Issues. Go from the page with the problem - an automatic link will be inserted. Thanks.