3.17.2. CNR4

3.17.2.1. Introduction

The CNR4 is a net radiometer manufactured manufactured by Kipp and Zonen. It measures four components of radiation (shortwave and longwave both upwards and downwards). It works by having two pyranometers and two pyrgeometers, with one of each facing both upwards and downwards.

3.17.2.2. Manufacturer and Model

Model

Brand

Type

CNR4

Kipp & Zonen

Net Radiometer

3.17.2.3. Output definitions

Ouput definition ID

File Identifier

Level Number

QAQC notes

File time resolution

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

0

No_QAQC

1min

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

0

No_QAQC

15min

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

0

No_QAQC

5sec

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

1

Thresholds_applied

1min

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

1

Thresholds_applied

15min

CNR4

CNR4_%SITE

1

Thresholds_applied

5sec

3.17.2.4. Processing code

Code used to process raw data: https://github.com/Urban-Meteorology-Reading/Operations-Radiometers

3.17.2.5. Variables measured by instrument

Table 3.16 Variables measured - sorted alphabetically

Variable ID

Full Name

Unit

Lower Threshold

Upper Threshold

Files present (Output definition ID,Level No,Time resolution)

albedo

bulk_surface_albedo

dimensionless

0.0

1.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

FLAG

Status flag

N/A

CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

Kdn

incoming_shortwave_radiation

W.m-2

0.0

1200.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

Kup

outgoing_shortwave_radiation

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

Ldn

incoming_longwave_radiation

W.m-2

100.0

600.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

Lup

outgoing_longwave_radiation

W.m-2

200.0

750.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

nSamples

nSamples

samples/interval

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

Qstar

net_allwave_radiation

W.m-2

-850.0

1600.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_albedo

standard_deviation_bulk_surface_albedo

dimensionless

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_Kdn

incoming_shortwave_radiation

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_Kup

standard_deviation_Kup

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_Ldn

standard_deviation_Ldn

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_Lup

standard_deviation_Lup

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_Qstar

standard_devation_net_allwave_radiation

W.m-2

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

sd_T_CNR

standard_deviation_T_CNR1_C

Celsius

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

T_CNR

CNR_body_temperature

Celsius

-30.0

100.0

CNR4,0,1min CNR4,0,15min CNR4,0,5sec CNR4,1,1min CNR4,1,15min CNR4,1,5sec

3.17.2.6. Serials

Serial

Suffix

100312

A

100311

B

090064

C

090065

D

3.17.2.7. Deployments

3.17.2.7.1. Serial number: 100311

Site ID

Start date

End date

KSSW

2012-03-26 00:00

2014-08-13 00:00

KSSW

2014-08-13 00:00

2014-09-04 00:00

KSSW

2014-09-04 00:00

2016-09-14 00:00

KSSW

2016-09-15 00:00

2017-06-13 00:00

3.17.2.7.2. Serial number: 090064

Site ID

Start date

End date

SHU

2017-01-01 00:00

2018-03-07 00:00

3.17.2.7.3. Serial number: 100312

Site ID

Start date

End date

KSK

2010-09-21 00:00

2013-03-04 00:00

KSSW

2014-08-12 00:00

2014-09-03 00:00

3.17.2.7.4. Serial number: 090065

Site ID

Start date

End date

BTT

2017-01-01 00:00

2019-03-17 00:00

3.17.2.8. Photos

../../../_images/tower-lowering-15092016_29409179500_o.jpg

Fig. 3.44 At KSSW 15/09/2016

../../../_images/32729326734_19790cb776_o.jpg

Fig. 3.45 At SHU 20/01/2017.

../../../_images/ksk_mast_1_23679118412_o(2).jpg

Fig. 3.46 At KSK (right most instrument) 19/08/2011.

../../../_images/ksk_mast_2_23159424554_o.jpg

Fig. 3.47 Seen from below at KSK 06/04/2011.

../../../_images/tower-lowering-15092016_29073458294_o.jpg

Fig. 3.48 Atop tower at KSSW 15/09/2016.

3.17.2.9. Supplementary information

Link

Title

Description

https://www.kippzonen.com/Product/85/CNR4-Net-Radiometer#.YAa61hanxPY

Manual location

Manual by Kipp and Zonen

CNR4 brochure

CNR4 brochure

From Kipp and Zonen

3.17.2.10. Data acquisition

Data can be requested from Prof. Sue Grimmond (c.s.grimmond@reading.ac.uk).

3.17.2.11. References

  1. Hertwig, D., Grimmond, S., Hendry, M. A., Saunders, B., Wang, Z., Jeoffrion, M., Vidale, P. L., McGuire, P. C., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Ward, H. C. and Kotthaus, S. (2020) Urban signals in high-resolution weather and climate simulations: role of urban land-surface characterisation. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 142. pp. 701-728. ISSN 0177-798X doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03294-1

  2. Crawford, B., Grimmond, S. B., Gabey, A., Marconcini, M., Ward, H. C. and Kent, C. W. (2018) Variability of urban surface temperatures and implications for aerodynamic energy exchange in unstable conditions. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 144 (715). pp. 1719-1741. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3325

  3. Gough, H. L., Luo, Z., Halios, C. H., King, M.-F., Noakes, C. J., Grimmond, C. S. B., Barlow, J. F., Hoxey, R. and Quinn, A. D. (2018) Field measurement of natural ventilation rate in an idealised full-scale building located in a staggered urban array: comparison between tracer gas and pressure-based methods. Building and Environment, 137. pp. 246-256. ISSN 0360-1323 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.055

  4. Bjorkegren, A. and Grimmond, C. S. B., (2017) Net carbon dioxide emissions from central London. Urban Climate, 23. pp. 131-158. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2016.10.002

  5. Crawford, B., Grimmond, C. S. B., Ward, H. C., Morrison, W. and Kotthaus, S. (2017) Spatial and temporal patterns of surface-atmosphere energy exchange in a dense urban environment using scintillometry. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 143 (703). pp. 817-833. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2967

  6. Karsisto, P., Fortelius, C., Demuzere, M., Grimmond, C. S. B., Oleson, K. W., Kouznetsov, R., Masson, V. and J�rvi, L. (2016) Seasonal surface urban energy balance and wintertime stability simulated using three land-surface models in the high-latitude city Helsinki. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 142 (694). pp. 401-417. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2659

  7. Bjorkeren, A. B., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S. and Malamud, B. D. (2015) CO2 emission estimation in the urban environment: measurement of the CO2 storage term. Atmospheric Environment, 122. pp. 775-790. ISSN 1352-2310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.012

  8. Ward, H. C., Kotthaus, S., Grimmond, C. S. B., Bjorkegren, A., Wilkinson, M., Morrison, W. T. J., Evans, J. G., Morison, J. I. L. and Iamarino, M. (2015) Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Environmental Pollution, 198. pp. 186-200. ISSN 0269-7491 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

  9. Tan, J., Yang, L., Grimmond, C. S. B., Shi, J., Gu, W., Chang, Y., Hu, P., Sun, J., Ao, X. and Han, Z. (2015) Urban integrated meteorological observations: practice and experience in Shanghai, China. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96 (1). pp. 85-102. ISSN 0003-0007 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00216.1

  10. Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Energy exchange in a dense urban environment Part II: impact of spatial heterogeneity of the surface. Urban Climate, 10 (2). pp. 281-307. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.001

  11. Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2014) Energy exchange in a dense urban environment – part I: temporal variability of long-term observations in central London. Urban Climate, 10 (2). pp. 261-280. ISSN 2212-0955 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.002

  12. Magliulo, V., Toscano, P., Grimmond, C. S. B., Kotthaus, S., J�rvi, L., Set�l�, H., Lindberg, F., Vogt, R., Staszewski, T., Bubak, A., Synnefa, A. and Santamouris, M. (2014) Environmental measurements in BRIDGE case studies. In: Chrysoulakis, N., de Castro, E. A. and Moors, E. J. (eds.) Understanding Urban Metabolism. Routledge, pp. 45-57. ISBN 9780415835114

  13. Kotthaus, S. and Grimmond, C. S. B. (2012) Identification of micro-scale anthropogenic CO2, heat and moisture sources – processing eddy covariance fluxes for a dense urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 57. pp. 301-316. ISSN 1352-2310 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.024

Tip

  1. Stuck? the user guide is a useful place to start.

  2. Please report issues at GitHub Issues. Go from the page with the problem - an automatic link will be inserted. Thanks.